National symbols
Since the registration of its coffee in July 2020, Costa Rica now has 15 national symbols embodying important aspects of Costa Rican society, from unspoiled nature (such as the purple orchid, the Guanacaste tree and the yigüirro), peace and democracy (represented by the flag, the anthem and the torch), to historical and cultural heritage (through elements such as the National Theater, pre-Columbian spheres and coffee). Together, these symbols celebrate Costa Rica's commitment to environmental conservation, social development and collective heritage.
The GUARIA MORADA, or purple orchid, has been Costa Rica's national floral emblem since 1939. With its magnificent purple flowers, it embodies the natural beauty and biodiversity of the country, which is home to over 1,400 species of orchid. As the national flower, it is a symbol of Costa Rica's pride in its exceptional nature and its commitment to protecting its natural resources.
The NATIONAL HYMN, entitled “Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera”, has been a symbol of the country's unity and national pride since 1949. It reflects Costa Rica's values of freedom, peace and dignity, underlining the importance of independence and respect for human rights. It embodies the collective identity and patriotism of Costa Ricans.
The OXCART, representing the country's history, craftsmanship and rural culture, was declared a national symbol in 1988. Traditionally used to transport coffee, it is now a symbol of Costa Rican identity. The carts, often brightly painted and decorated with folkloric motifs, embody the creativity and handiwork of local artisans.
Representing freedom and the national aspiration for peace, the TORCH is worn during the country's independence celebrations on September 15. It reflects the country's commitment to progress, justice and the well-being of its citizens, while highlighting the ideals of democracy and social development, which led to its inclusion on the list in 2005.
The MANATÍ (or manatee) is a symbol of Costa Rica's exceptional biodiversity and the country's commitment to wildlife protection. Although less well known than other emblematic animals, this endangered species is a poignant example of Costa Rica's commitment to marine species conservation.
The NATIONAL FLAG is a symbol of the country's identity. Inscribed as a symbol since 1948, it is made up of three colors: blue and white represent the sky that protects the nation, as well as peace and wisdom, while red evokes the energy, courage and determination of the Costa Rican people as they defend their democratic system.
The GUANACASTE TREE has been a national symbol since 1959. Known for its large size and wide, shady branches, the tree embodies not only a symbol of protection and well-being, but also the profound relationship between Costa Ricans and their environment, particularly in Guanacaste, where it is an essential part of the landscape.
Although discreet and difficult to observe, the VENADO COLA BLANCA (white-tailed deer) has been a symbol of Costa Rica's wildlife and rich biodiversity since 1995. It is also a symbol of the flora and fauna protected in the country's national parks, which are refuges for this and many other species.
Inscribed in 2011 with the aim of promoting tourism in the Chirripó National Park, LOS CRESTONES are imposing rock formations rising to an altitude of almost 3,800 metres. The most adventurous hikers will be able to contemplate these rocks in front of a spectacular landscape and a unique biodiversity that thrives in the paramo vegetation.
Located in the heart of the capital, the NATIONAL THEATRE is one of the country's most emblematic cultural symbols. This architectural gem and its high-quality theatrical performances embody the refinement and importance of artistic culture in Costa Rican history, and earned it a place on the list of national symbols in 2018.
The NATIONAL ECUSSON consists of three active volcanoes representing the three cordilleras that cross the country, as well as the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Two ships recall the historic importance of maritime trade. The crest now bears seven stars for each of the country's provinces. A symbol used in international relations since 1948.
The YIGÜIRRO (or orange-bellied blackbird) has been Costa Rica's national bird since 1977. Renowned for its melodious song, this species is often associated with joy and friendliness, qualities that reflect the warm spirit of Costa Ricans. As an emblematic bird, it embodies the country's commitment to protecting its ecosystems while celebrating its natural riches.
The MARIMBA represents Costa Rica's musical heritage, integrating African, indigenous and European influences to create a unique style. Declared a national symbol in 1996, this wooden instrument produces rich, melodious sounds that accompany typical dances and songs during festivities.
Carved by indigenous peoples between 500 and 1500 A.D., these PRECOLOMBIAN INDIGENOUS SPHERES are a fascinating testimony to the skills of pre-Columbian civilizations and represent Costa Rica's historical and cultural heritage. In 2014, they were included in the Intangible Heritage of Humanity list.
In 2020, COFFEE was declared a national symbol. Introduced in the 18th century, it wasn't until 1808 that “Grano de Oro” changed the country's history on the international stage. Its exceptional quality is the result of ideal geographical conditions and environmentally-friendly cultivation methods. In short, it symbolizes the country's economic, social and cultural development.